Child slavery

Abstract🙌
In the latter part of the 20th century, child labour remains a serious problem in many parts of the world. Many of these children live in underdeveloped countries in Latin America, Africa, and Asia. Their living conditions are crude and their chances for education minimal. The income they bring in is, however, necessary for the survival of their families. In other cases, children are bonded, working to pay off an initial cash advance from the employer with escalating interest which leaves them effectively slaves. In this project , information has been shared on some of the legal and programmatic initiatives undertaken in India over the last decade or so to address the problem of child labor. These programs remain committed to the full eradication of all forms of child labor wherever it might exist in India, beginning with the most exploitative and hazardous forms and have adopted this goal as part of national policy. Both the Indian courts and the National Human Rights Commission have been paying increasing attention to the issue. India has also been participating in the International Program on Elimination of Child Labor (IPEC) of the ILO. But the problem remains vast, and finding resources for rehabilitation schemes, given the magnitude of the problem, is a continuing challenge.

Caste system and Indian politics.

What is the Relationship between Caste System and Politics in India?


Though casteism in traditional sense in weakening in India, though the leader of our country have proclaimed time and again the caste is menace to our national life, caste plays an important role in Indian Politics. Adult franchise and Panchayati raj have given new opportunities to castes. Numerically large castes have become important pressure groups in local as well as state politics.

Dr. Leach writes, “Everywhere, in India and Ceylon today whole caste groups are tending to emerges as political faction.” In the opinion of Ghurgy, unfortunately, in this country elections are fought and won on the basis of caste. Candidates contesting elections seek support from their castes. These leaders, thus elected maintain casteism even after election by showing special treatment to their caste members.

Even political parties are not free from ‘Caste Politics. Political Parties in India sponsor candidates having social base, which is nothing but the numerical strength of a caste of candidate in the constituency. He says, in fact caste has found a new field of an activity.

Leaders at the village level cultivate ministers for privileges and for a variety of favor. The ministers in turn need the help of village leaders during elections. It seems tot be accepted principle that, in the state cabinet at nay rate, each major caste should have a minister. This principle is in the village Panchayat as well. Voting very often son caste basis. The local politics in village is dominated by caste. Each caste wants to get maximum power in the village set up. The groupism in rural politics is centered around mostly on castes and to some extent on class and other factors.

Rajani Kothari in “Caste in Indian Politics” studied how far caste is influencing the rural policy. He finds that caste is becoming more and more strengthened because these castes are forming caste association. In the political sphere, the caste associations ask their members to vote the persons belonging to their own caste and he may of any political party. Caste members become more and more powerful in politics. They try to get reservations in government jobs for their caste members. Thus castes are trying to strengthen their position and to get as much political power as possible.

In Karnataka state politics there is rivalry between Okkaligas and Lingayats, the two leading present castes. In Andhra Pradesh the chief contesting castes are Reddies and Kamas, in Bihar, Bhumidars, Kayasth and Rajput.

Dravida Munnetra Kazngam (D.M.K) had arises as a non-Brahmin party of break the Brahmin cal dominance in Tamilnadu state politics. At present D.M.K and A.D.M.K are two non-Brahmin political parties in Tamilnadu and both the parties are in politically advantageous position in comparison with other political parties such as Congress and Communist in that state.

The highest expression of caste based politics is found in Bihar and U.P. is even today. The traditional caste rivalry between the Rajput, Kayastha and Bhumindar is found today among the political parties in Bihar.

The mobilisation of “Kurmis”on Faizabad district in Uttar Pradesh by Jai Ram Varma, who was Agricultural Minister in SBP Government, illustrates the way in which caste can be used by a skilful organiser to transform his own caste into a viable political force. The same may be said of Kansi Ram who as the leader of the scheduled and lower castes had been able to create a political force in U.P. the politics of Haryana has also become caste and faction ridden.

Finally, in defiance of constitutional provisions of equal opportunity the Medalists have come forward to claim reservation for the backward caste in the name of backward. Thus the claim for reservation in the Central Government services is purely politically motivated and this also clearly indicates strong bond between caste and politics. Further constitution only speaks of backward classes. As a result any move by the state government to develop criteria on the basis of caste is stuck down by the courts as they violate constitution.

The only way by which some State Government tries of overcome the situation is by drawing up a list of castes which are backward. Caste cannot be criterion to help the backward classes to come up because it is astrictive and because it helps powerful members of the castes to exploit the concessions for their benefits. Any attempt to exclude the advanced backward caste from backward castes appears impossible, because the advanced backward castes will desire to be in the list; as they are politically powerful their claim cannot be laid aside by any democratic government.

Although the politics in India cannot be explained entirely in terms of caste, caste is an important element in the politics. The caste influences political activity from Panchayat right up to Parliament. While the Caste System is breaking down in social and cultural fields; conflicts between castes are intensified by party.

Hence time for us to think beyond this system and bring back heritage in every possible way.. 

All the best..
Thankiew!

Prohibition in India

Prohibition

There is hardly a religion which has not discarded the habit of drinking. The Hindu saints have always been against it. In the Bible there are more ±an 150 references about this evil habit.

In the thirties, Christian missionaries in India had taken prohibition as a programme for their social propaganda throughout the country. Prophet Mohammad was deadly against it. He considered every berry of grapes the abode of devil.

The rejection of the habit of drinking was not limited to religious preachers alone, it was taken up by many writers and social workers even in Europe. George Bernard Shaw did not propagate only vegetarianism, he considered a drunkard a second rate citizen. It captured the fancy of Mr. Gorbachev the last President and the Secretary of the Communist Party of the former USSR who stopped the serving of Vodka in party meetings. Soft drinks replaced wine in his regime.

In India it was realized by Mahatma Gandhi that the habit of drinking armful for the poor. On the one hand it affects the health of the people; in the other it brings havoc to the family of the drunkard. As most of the poor is spent on drinking, the family members starve. The children are deprived of all that they should enjoy in their childhood. The drunkard indulges in all sorts of evil acts of sex and violence. It sometimes leads to murders committed by the drunkard and to suicide committed by new wives.

The Britishers were not interested in improving the condition of the poor. As drinking was a part of their culture in India they did not worry about it. But the early politicians were a breed of moralists. As soon as congress ministries were formed in seven provinces (now States) efforts ere made to impose prohibition. It met with great success.

In 1939 Indian National Congress passed a resolution to enforce prohibition in the country. On January 26, 1950 it was included in the directive principles of the Indian Constitution.

Immediately after independence, as promised by the Congress, prohibition was fully introduced in nine states as a time phased programme. Some moralist leaders like C. Rajgopalachari, Vinoba Bhave, U. N. Dhebar and Shriman Narain who were not in the government put a pressure upon the government to make prohibition a real success. From 1946 to 1956 it was a great success. But the implementation after 1958 was very poor. Bombay became a great centre of bootlegging (illegal trade in wine). The malady spread throughout the country. The enthusiasm of different state governments was also dampened.

Ultimately, in the third five year plan, it was taken as a social welfare movement. A committee was formed headed by Justice Tek Chand, a great protagonist of prohibition. The Committee made many recommendations and many times dates were fixed for complete prohibition in the country, the last being Gandhi centenary i.e. 2nd of October, 1969. But a reverse trend had already started in early sixties. Uttar Pradesh gave a lead to anti- prohibition move. It spread like a wild fire and gradually prohibition was scrapped in almost all the States. Gujarat was an exception. But, as it is said, anything that is prohibited has more temptation. Porbandar, the birth place of Mahatma Gandhi became the biggest centre of bootlegging in Gujarat. Ultimately in the eighties Gujarat too relaxed the prohibition law.

Besides the drinking lobby in the country which included many bureaucrats, businessmen and politicians prohibition was opposed by a sizable number of economists too. They were and are of the opinion that liquor is a big source of revenue to the State Governments and the Central Government too.

In the seventies prohibition meant a loss of revenue to the tune of Rs. 200 crore. As drinking is an addiction, the drunkard is ready to pay any price. Thus it tempted the State Governments to increase the quantum of different taxes. By a rough estimate prohibition would have cost the exchequer (Government Treasury) a loss of Rs. 1000 crore in the eighties.

According to an article written by Shri L. C. Jain, a former member of Planning Commission and published by a national daily on 26th of August, 1995 "For the entire country, government revenue from liquor is estimated at Rs. 10,000 crore, implying an expenditure of Rs. 50,000 crore a year by household on liquor consumption". Thus to gain Rs. 10,000 crore the nation has to spend Rs. 50,000 crore—a net loss of Rs. 40,000 crore to the nation. The Government has been tempted to net this amount of Rs. 10,000 crore.

Although a drunkard under Indian Criminal Code can be sued in court if he creates a nuisance at a public place, drinking became legalized by scrapping prohibition. The directive principle of the constitution was buried under the so called economic pragmatism.

With all this pragmatism the question still remains unanswered should there be no restriction on the evil of drinking in a country like India which has a tropical climate and where at least 50% of the people are bare below poverty line? Have we to copy and imitate all the evils that are prevalent in the West? Drinking leads to promiscuity both among the rich and the poor and to theft and evils like bribery among the poor and lower middle class people to meet their evil needs.

Should nothing be done to check the evil habit of drinking? Is the revenue of Rs. 1000 crore (quite considerable amount) more important than the flow of morality and prosperity among the people " If revenue is more important than human health and morality we earn it by legalizing and taxing flesh trade and brothels too. Male brothels are actually licensed in the USA and homosexual marriages are legally allowed. But it has resulted in an epidemic of AIDS—that killing; are we not going to learn any lessons from these trends of materialism and promiscuity in the USA and the West. A report concluded that AIDS is spreading like a wild fire in India. Most of the victims are those who visit pubs and then the red light area of prostitutes.

It has been experienced that in India the implementation, even of a good law becomes costly and difficult. The implementation of prohibition too cost the government a lot without any results.

Moreover in a country where child labor is ultimately legalized because it could not be checked what one can expect from the government. Concerted efforts will have to be made by individuals and voluntary organizations to dissuade people from the habit of not only drinking but other addictions too. Tamil Nadu government deserves praise for its prohibition posture. Let other states too follow it.

It is a well-known fact that liquor trade is backed by smugglers in Maharashtra, Gujarat and Tamil Nadu with the help of toughs and Mafias. Smugglers overtly are respected citizens having close connections with high ups in politics.

Thus nothing could be done by the Delhi Administration even after a full knowledge of the firm of Ghaziabad (in U.P ) that sold illicit liquor under an Ayurvedic name causing death of hundreds of people. The reaction of the intelligentsia is that the price of licensed liquor should be brought down to be in the reach of the poor – a poor reflection on the problem.

On the other hand we have the example of Monody a village of 3000 on the slopes of Kodassery hills of Kerala. It was one of the biggest centers of brewing Charayam (hooch) in rural Kerala, -"of the 500 families depended on the trade.

Kaitharath a middle aged ran with the help of his young associates began anti-alcoholism drive in -S4. They had to suffer at the hands of the toughs of the producers, policemen and excise inspectors. But their firmness brought all political parties to support them. Production and drinking of Charayam was totally eradicated from the village by August 1991.

Thanks to Kaitharath that he as opened a glowing path for all the young men in the country to root out the evil. The lead of Kerala village was taken up in some villages in Himachal Pradesh and U.P. in 1995. Village women demolished the brewing apparatus. Since 30% of the members of the Panchayats are women in the whole country such steps may be taken up by housewives everywhere in the rural area—a good omen. Prohibition came back to Haryana in 1996 after a stern step taken by rural housewives.

Of late the evil has taken a strange turn. Thousands of new shops of foreign wine have been opened in different cities of the country. The government gave preference to freedom fighters to have the licenses— rather a shameful act. Many of the freedom fighters who had sit on dharma before wine shops took licenses. Others took these in their names. Who will now inspire the youth of the country to remain away from this poison.

Wakeup call for today's youth!! Be Alert folks...

Administration??

Like all other scenarios on the Indian horizon, the Indian judiciary is not a thing to be proud of. When the other two organs of the Government, the Legislature, and the Executive are rotten to the very core, how can the third organ the Judiciary be any better?

The scene of the Indian judiciary is very bleak, unhappy, and unholy. Just like the other two organs the Indian Judiciary is also at the lowest ebb of functioning and efficiency.

In these days of the free press, we often get the chance of reading in different publications of national importance and others about the rot seeping into the Lower Courts and Higher Courts, and now eyeing the Supreme Court.

It is interesting to note how, the Supreme Court is often heard passing strictures against the Legislature and the Executive, but it is sad to note that the organ that is trying to infuse good health and new blood in other organisations, is, itself rotting.

When we read in the daily papers that three crore and odd law suits are pending in the courts and new ones keep adding on a daily basis. The idea that strikes the reader is that, for one, what were the courts doing all these years, for how can such a huge back-log develop if work is continued daily?

How could the courts have accumulated such an impressive back-log? The second idea that ticks through the mind of the reader is that - in how many lives, in how many centuries will this backlog be completed?

Any layman even will be able to understand that, this is an impossible task, and of course the courts don't mean to complete the backlog, as they very well know that, all people involved will have perished with time and there will be no need to finish the backlog.

However, the one thing that occurs to the reader's mind is that, we must at least appreciate the honesty of the Judiciary to have openly accepted the existence of such a huge back-log of cases, which are piled up and pending before the honourable judges.

What a state of honesty that, without the blinking of an eyelid, the judiciary accepts that, the back-log can be dealt with only in the span of about three centuries - and that also, if no new case comes up all through these three centuries - what a tall claim?

With this candid though seemingly shameless acceptance of the existing situation of the judiciary, what can any layman add to the high standards of working of the Indian Judiciary - the position is very clear. With this background of the situation it is very important for us to analyse how this situation has come to exist?

To this also, the answer is not far to seek. All this has come to be because, like all other professions, the legal profession has also become a money spinning profession. It is indeed, very lucrative to postpone endlessly each and every law suit.

The only person interested in the speedy disposal of any case is the individual and that also, only if the individual is honest. All the other parties involved in any case, i.e. the real culprit, and the lawyers of both sides are just not interested in the finishing of a case.

This is because the finishing of a case means the end of the income accruing from the case, to the lawyers. Then why should the lawyers finish any case and so, the back-log keeps mounting with no problem to anyone except the honest man fighting the legal battle, and who is interested in this man's welfare and why?

Thus with four parties involved in every legal case, only one Party, the honest man is interested in the finishing of the case and speedy decision, so how can it be in this country that is India where only majority counts, a single man getting a fair deal? In the bargain of delaying of cases all the parties involved stand to gain so why finalise any and mock at an earning?

For a layman, this much simple logic and analysis is enough to explain how and why cases are kept pending for not only years but few decades. To my mind the only solution to such a ghastly problem is plain and simple honesty that in turn is not an easy task to achieve, at least now when our dishonesty has reached the pinnacle of success, and accumulating wealth is the only slogan of the times.

Thus, when there is no apparent relief from this ghost of so called justice, the Indian public has to accept it and learn to live with it, for there does not appear an end to this road. We can all keep praying to God that in this country never should any decent and honest person get involved in any case and never should he need to see the door of any court for justice.

The fact is that, at the court where man seeks justice, is just the place where justice is denied, delayed and rendered meaningless. 

Time to Roar and React!
Think!!

True lov of life

Without you, i'am no were..

One is loved because one is loved.

 

No reason is needed for loving..

Spread love!

,

Betrayal

Betrayal..

I pour mah heart into an up opened bottle of wine. It has been about a month he hasn't responded..

Half of mah bed is on the floor, sheets included.


It is Sunday again and he loves a girl who 
"Isn't" me!...

Smile continues..

Eva lov me??

Question??

I asked did you ever love me?
You say "of course", of course so quickly, that you sound like someone else!

I asked are you made of steel , are you made of Iron!

You cry on the phone, my stomach hurts!

Realized!!

I need how to stay for ever..whom I deserve...